#Normal cdf in r how to

Michael Schomaker Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Shalabh Department of Mathematics and Statistics Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India

Д¬hristian Heumann Department of Statistics Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitГ¤t MГјnchen MГјnchen Germany.

Introduction to Statistics and Data AnalysisД¬hristian Heumann Michael Schomaker Shalabh Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis With Exercises, Solutions and Applications in R

Installation and Basic Functionalities.Д« Appendix:Solutions to Exercises.

#Normal cdf in r how to

Part III Inductive Statistics.Д©.2 Properties of Point Estimators.Д©.2.1 Unbiasedness and Efficiency.Д©.2.2 Consistency of Estimators.Д©.2.3 Sufficiency of Estimators.Д©.3.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimation.Д©.4.2 Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Normal Distribution.Д©.4.3 Confidence Interval for a Binomial Probability.Д©.4.4 Confidence Interval for the Odds Ratio.Д©.5 Sample Size Determinations.ДЎ0.2.3 One- and Two-Sided Tests.ДЎ0.2.4 Type I and Type II Error.ДЎ0.2.5 How to Conduct a Statistical Test.ДЎ0.2.6 Test Decisions Using the p-Value.ДЎ0.3.1 Test for the Mean When the Variance is Known (One-Sample Gauss Test).ДЎ0.3.2 Test for the Mean When the Variance is Unknown (One-Sample t-Test).ДЎ0.3.3 Comparing the Means of Two Independent Samples.ДЎ0.3.4 Test for Comparing the Means of Two Dependent Samples (Paired t-Test).ДЎ0.4.1 One-Sample Binomial Test for the Probability p.ДЎ0.4.2 Two-Sample Binomial Test.ДЎ0.6 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) U-Test.ДЎ0.7 П‡2-Goodness-of-Fit Test.ДЎ0.8 П‡2-Independence Test and Other П‡2-Tests.ДЎ0.9 Key Points and Further Issues.ДЎ1.2 Method of Least Squares.ДЎ1.2.1 Properties of the Linear Regression Line.ДЎ1.4 Linear Regression with a Binary Covariate.ДЎ1.5 Linear Regression with a Transformed Covariate.ДЎ1.6 Linear Regression with Multiple Covariates.ДЎ1.6.2 Categorical Covariates.ДЎ1.7 The Inductive View of Linear Regression.ДЎ1.7.1 Properties of Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood Estimators.ДЎ1.8 Comparing Different Models.ДЎ1.9 Checking Model Assumptions.ДЎ1.10 Association Versus Causation.ДЎ1.11 Key Points and Further Issues. Part II Probability Calculus.ДҐ.2.2 Permutations with Replacement.ДҐ.3.1 Combinations without Replacement and without Consideration of the Order.ДҐ.3.3 Combinations with Replacement and without Consideration of the Order.ДҐ.3.4 Combinations with Replacement and with Consideration of the Order.Д¦.1 Basic Concepts and Set Theory.Д¦.2 Relative Frequency and Laplace Probability.Д¦.3 The Axiomatic Definition of Probability.Д¦.3.1 Corollaries Following from Kolomogorov's Axioms.Д¦.4 Conditional Probability.Д§.2.1 CDF of Continuous Random Variables.Д§.2.2 CDF of Discrete Random Variables.Д§.3.3 Quantiles of a Distribution.Д§.4 Tschebyschev's Inequality.Д§.5 Bivariate Random Variables.Д§.6 Calculation Rules for Expectation and Variance.Д§.6.1 Expectation and Variance of the Arithmetic Mean.Д§.7 Covariance and Correlation.Д§.7.2 Correlation Coefficient.ДЁ Probability Distributions.ДЁ.1.1 Discrete Uniform Distribution.ДЁ.1.3 Bernoulli Distribution.ДЁ.1.4 Binomial Distribution.ДЁ.1.6 Multinomial Distribution.ДЁ.1.8 Hypergeometric Distribution.ДЁ.2.1 Continuous Uniform Distribution.ДЁ.2.3 Exponential Distribution.ДЁ.4 Key Points and Further Issues.

Part I Descriptive Statistics.ДЎ.1 Population, Sample, and Observations.ДЎ.2.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Variables.ДЎ.5 Key Points and Further Issues.Дў.1 Absolute and Relative Frequencies.Дў.2 Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function.Дў.2.1 ECDF for Ordinal Variables.Дў.2.2 ECDF for Continuous Variables.Дў.5 Key Points and Further Issues.ДЈ Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion.ДЈ.1.3 Quantile-Quantile Plots (QQ-Plots).ДЈ.2.1 Range and Interquartile Range.ДЈ.2.2 Absolute Deviation, Variance, and Standard Deviation.ДЈ.2.3 Coefficient of Variation.ДЈ.4 Measures of Concentration.ДЈ.5 Key Points and Further Issues.Д¤ Association of Two Variables.Д¤.1.1 Contingency Tables for Discrete Data.Д¤.1.2 Joint, Marginal, and Conditional Frequency Distributions.Д¤.1.3 Graphical Representation of Two Nominal or Ordinal Variables.Д¤.2 Measures of Association for Two Discrete Variables.Д¤.2.1 Pearson's П‡2 Statistic.Д¤.2.3 Contingency Coefficient C.Д¤.2.4 Relative Risks and Odds Ratios.Д¤.3.1 Graphical Representation of Two Continuous Variables.Д¤.3.2 Correlation Coefficient.Д¤.3.3 Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient.Д¤.3.4 Measures Using Discordant and Concordant Pairs.Д¤.4 Visualization of Variables from Different Scales.Д¤.5 Key Points and Further Issues.